SDS@hd/Access/SMB

SMB is a Server Message Block protocol. It has different implementations: CIFS (outdated), SMB2, SMB3, Samba

Prerequisites

The SMB connection has to be established at least with protocol version SMB2.02, which is available since Windows Vista or OSX 10.7, and a NTLMv2 authentication level of "Send NTLMv2 responses only".

Windows

Use a SMB share via Windows Explorer.

Needed Information

You need the following information:
Username: BWSERVICESAD\<username>
Password: ServicePassword
Network Path in UNC syntax :

# for mounting the root folder
    \\lsdf02.urz.uni-heidelberg.de\ 
    # for mounting a specific SV
    \\lsdf02.urz.uni-heidelberg.de\<sv-acronym>

Instructions

1. Open the Windows Explorer.

2. a) To establish a non-permanent connection:

   • Click on the address bar, which is located at the top of the Explorer.
   • Enter the network path and press Enter.
   

   b) To establish a permanent connection by creating a network (pseudo) drive:

   • Navigate to "This PC". At the top of the window, click on Computer and select Map network drive.
   

   
   

   • Choose a drive letter to be associated with the network drive and enter the network path. Select use a different identification, as these differ from your credentials used locally.
   

3. You will then be prompted to enter your credentials.



4. After logging in successfully, your network drive will appear under This PC. You can now manipulate your files as accustomed.

Mac

Create a network drive with Finder.

Needed Information

You need the following information:
Username: BWSERVICESAD\<username>
Password: ServicePassword
Network Path: smb://lsdf02.urz.uni-heidelberg.de/<sv-acronym>

Instructions

1. Open Finder
2. On the menu bar click on Go -> Connect to Server (or use ⌘+K)
3. Insert server address and click Connect

4. Insert username and password and click Connect

5. Finder opens new connected SMB share

Linux

A UNIX like operating system needs a CIFS client to use a share. CIFS clients are part of Samba implementation for Linux and other UNIX like operating systems (http://www.samba.org)

Attention: The core CIFS protocol does not provide unix ownership information or mode for files and directories. Because of this, files and directories will generally appear to be owned by whatever values the uid= or gid= options are set, and will have permissions set to the default file_mode and dir_mode for the mount. Attempting to change these values via chmod/chown will return success but have no effect.

For security reasons, server side permission checks cannot be overriden. The permission checks done by the server will always correspond to the credentials used to mount the share, and not necessarily to the user who is accessing the share.

Although mapping of POSIX UIDs and SIDs is not needed mounting a CIFS share it might become necessary when working with files on the share, e.g. when modifying ACLs.

SMB Client

Example: To list the files in a SMB share, use the program smbclient.

smbclient -U 'BWSERVICESAD\hd_xy123'  //lsdf02.urz.uni-heidelberg.de/<sv-acronym>
Enter BWSERVICESAD\hd_xy123's password: 

The program allows you to access the files with a FTP like tool in an interactive shell.

$ smbclient //lsdf02.urz.uni-heidelberg.de/<sv-acronym> -U 'BWSERVICESAD\hd_xy123'
Enter BWSERVICESAD\hd_xy123's password:
smb: \> ls
  .                    D        0  Thu Apr 23 12:51:48 2020
  ..                   D        0  Wed Apr 22 21:54:04 2020
  bench                D        0  Fri Jul 26 10:24:05 2019
  benchmark_test       D        0  Tue Oct 30 16:12:21 2018
  checksums            D        0  Mon Sep 18 10:24:21 2017
  test.multiuser       A        6  Thu Apr 23 12:36:07 2020
  test                 A        7  Thu Apr 23 09:38:13 2020
  .....
  .snapshots         DHR        0  Thu Jan  1 01:00:00 1970

                115343360000 blocks of size 1024. 108260302848 blocks available
smb:\

Mounting a SDS@hd Share

Mounting a SDS@hd CIFS share can be done by using username/password credentials or by using kerberos tickets. Information about settting up a kerberos environment for SDS@hd can be found *here*.

Tbd. Single-User Environment

# new instructions
# install smbclient
# install ... see https://www.linode.com/docs/guides/linux-mount-smb-share/
sudo nano /etc/fstab
# add (leave out gid? gid needs explanation)
//lsdf02.urz.uni-heidelberg.de/<sv_acronym>   /mnt/mountpoint   cifs  user,vers=3,mfsymlinks,credentials=~/credentials,noauto  0 0
systemctl daemon-reload
mount -t cifs -o username=hd_ac294,domain=BWSERVICESAD,vers=3,mfsymlinks //lsdf02.urz.uni-heidelberg.de/sd17D005 /mnt/mountpoint
# credentials
username=<username>
password=<servicePassword>
domain=BWSERVICESAD

A share can be mounted to a local directory, (e.g. /mnt/sds-hd ). Depending on your system setup, root privileges may be required.

CIFS normally binds all shares on the client as the property of the user who mounted them and transfers any existing write rights only to the user. With additional information from uid, gid, file_mode and dir_mode, other ownership and access rights can be defined when mounting on the client.

Nevertheless the ownership and access rights defined in this way are only simulated on the client and are not really transferred to the server. If access rights are changed on the client or files with other owners are created in shared folders, these changes only apply to the client and only until the next remount.

If you need to work with the correct server side permissions, please follow the setup of a MultiUser Setup

Mount over command line

Example:

$ mkdir /mnt/sds-hd

$ sudo mount -t cifs -o username=hd_xy123,domain=BWSERVICESAD,vers=3,mfsymlinks  //lsdf02.urz.uni-heidelberg.de/<sv-acronym> /mnt/sds-hd
Password:

$ df -h | grep sds-hd
//lsdf02.urz.uni-heidelberg.de/sd16j007  108T    6,6T  101T    7% /mnt/sds-hd

$ cd /mnt/sds-hd/
$ ls

Verify the success of the mount invoking the mount command without any arguments:

$ mount | grep lsdf02
//lsdf02.urz.uni-heidelberg.de/sd16j007 on /mnt/sds-hd type cifs (rw,relatime,vers=3.1.1,cache=strict,username=xxxx,domain=BWSERVICESAD,uid=1000,forceuid,gid=0,noforcegid,addr=xxxxx,file_mode=0755,dir_mode=0755,soft,nounix,serverino,mapposix,rsize=1048576,wsize=1048576,echo_interval=60,actimeo=1)

Mount over /etc/fstab

Example:

$ mkdir /mnt/mountpoint

/etc/fstab
//lsdf02.urz.uni-heidelberg.de/<sv_acronym>   /mnt/mountpoint   cifs  uid=<YOUR_UID>,gid=<YOUR_GID>,user,vers=3,mfsymlinks,credentials=<path_to_user_HOME>/credentialsfile,noauto  0 0

$ cat /path_to_user_HOME/credentialsfile
username=hd_ xy123
password=<your_servicepassword>
domain=BWSERVICESAD

$ mount /mnt/mountpoint

Verify the success of the mount invoking the mount command without any arguments:

$ mount | grep cifs 
//lsdf02.urz.uni-heidelberg.de/sd16j007 on /mnt/mountpoint type cifs (rw,relatime,vers=3.1.1,cache=strict,username=xxxx,domain=BWSERVICESAD,uid=1000,forceuid,gid=0,noforcegid,addr=xxxxx,file_mode=0755,dir_mode=0755,soft,nounix,serverino,mapposix,rsize=1048576,wsize=1048576,echo_interval=60,actimeo=1)

Multiuser Environment

By default, CIFS mounts only use a single set of user credentials (the mount credentials) when accessing a share. To support different user session on the same mountpoint and the correct permission/ownership processing, the mount options

multiuser,cifsacl

have to be used. Because the kernel cannot prompt for passwords, multiuser mounts are limited to mounts using passwordless sec= options, like with sec=krb5. Information about settting up a kerberos environment can be found *here*

ID Mapping

In a Multiuser Environment it is important to get the correct ownerships and permissions from the server. Therefor you need to setup a ID Mapping environment.

Additionally we need the following packages to enable CIFS Mapping:

• RedHat/CentOS:

$ yum install cifs-utils keyutils

• Debian/Ubuntu:

$ apt install cifs-utils keyutils

After installing SSSD you have to ensure that it will be used for CIFS name resolution, e.g.

• RedHat/CentOS:

On RedHat SSSD should have allready a higher priority than winbind:

$ alternatives --display cifs-idmap-plugin

cifs-idmap-plugin - Status ist automatisch.
 Link verweist auf /usr/lib64/cifs-utils/cifs_idmap_sss.so
/usr/lib64/cifs-utils/cifs_idmap_sss.so - priority 20
/usr/lib64/cifs-utils/idmapwb.so - priority 10
Zur Zeit ist die `best' Version /usr/lib64/cifs-utils/cifs_idmap_sss.so.

• Debian/Ubuntu:

On Debian systems SSSD has to be registered for ID mapping with an higher priority than winbind:

$ sudo update-alternatives --install /etc/cifs-utils/idmap-plugin idmap-plugin /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/cifs-utils/cifs_idmap_sss.so 50

$ update-alternatives --display idmap-plugin
idmap-plugin - automatischer Modus
  beste Version des Links ist /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/cifs-utils/cifs_idmap_sss.so
  Link verweist zur Zeit auf /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/cifs-utils/cifs_idmap_sss.so
  Link idmap-plugin ist /etc/cifs-utils/idmap-plugin
  Slave idmap-plugin.8.gz ist /usr/share/man/man8/idmap-plugin.8.gz
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/cifs-utils/cifs_idmap_sss.so - Priorität 50
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/cifs-utils/idmapwb.so - Priorität 40
  Slave idmap-plugin.8.gz: /usr/share/man/man8/idmapwb.8.gz

AutoFS Setup

Because CIFS shares, in contrast to nfs-Mounts, have to be mounted directly, the root user can not simply mount them into a global folder. Instead the shares have to be initially mounted by a user who has access to the Share. To achieve this, you can use the automounter "autofs".

• RedHat/CentOS:

$ yum install autofs
$ systemctl enable autofs 
$ systemctl start autofs 

• Debian/Ubuntu:

$ apt install autofs
$ systemctl enable autofs 
$ systemctl start autofs 

Afterwards you configure the SDS@hd Speichervorhaben in a new map file:

$ cat /etc/auto.sds-hd
<sv-acronym1>    -fstype=cifs,cifsacl,multiuser,sec=krb5,cruid=${UID},vers=3,mfsymlinks  ://lsdf02.urz.uni-heidelberg.de/<sv-acronym1>
<sv-acronym2>    -fstype=cifs,cifsacl,multiuser,sec=krb5,cruid=${UID},vers=3,mfsymlinks  ://lsdf02.urz.uni-heidelberg.de/<sv-acronym2>
....

You have to include the new map into the auto.master file:

$ cat /etc/auto.master
[...]
/mnt/sds-hd   /etc/auto.sds-hd
[...]

To display all available SDS@hd shares on this machine to the users, you should enable "browser_mode":

$ cat /etc/autofs.conf
[...]
# to display all available SDS-hd shares on this to the users
browse_mode=yes
[...]

otherwise each share-folder will only be visible after a user has mounted.

After changing the configuration, you should restart the autofs daemon, e.g.:

$ systemctl restart autofs

Of course you can adopt all other autofs options, like timeouts, etc. to the specific needs of your environment or use any other method for dynamically mounting the CIFS shares.

Access the Share

Now each user should be able to mount a SDS@hd share, which is configured for the machine. If a share is allready mounted, other users will access this share with their own credentials without mounting again.

To get access, each user needs a valid kerberos ticket, which can be fetched with

$ kinit hd_xy123

For further information about handling kerberos tickets take a look at SDS@hd kerberos